Pier M. Larson said:
Myth: Africans are primarily tribespeople; Africans are organized first and foremost into tribes while Europeans are primarily organized into nations.
False. The word "tribe" is a European word, not an African one. It is a term originating in the Judeo-Christian tradition (the "tribes" of Israel) that Europeans have historically used to name Africans, not a term that Africans have historically used to refer to themselves. No one, in any case, knows precisely what a tribe is. There is no agreed upon definition because the word is not scientific or precise in any sense—it is an invented category. Essentially designating an "ethnic group," the term "tribe" is employed by people who consider themselves "normal" to refer to others who they consider to be unlike themselves in a negative way. Thus Americans will immediately think of Africans as tribes, but talk about Norwegians, French, Mexicans, Poles or African Americans as "ethnic groups" or "nations." In the West, "tribe" carries the connotation of socially backward, not advanced or sophisticated, and therefore Westerners employ it liberally to refer to Africans because they mistakenly believe these are primary African characteristics (this, like most of the other myths, is part of the inheritance of racism). A further problem arises because in Africa today you will hear many Africans refer to themselves as members of tribes. This usage comes from an acceptance of the European terminology by some Africans, a terminology that was employed so much during the colonial period (the early 20th century) that many Africans have internalized it and continue to use the term. Like Americans, however, Africans are unlikely to employ the term "tribe" to refer to Europeans. Because some Africans employ the term "tribe" to refer to themselves, however, does not make "tribe" any more legitimate than when Europeans employ it.